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英语语法 4 - 动词

Chapter 5 动词(一):实义动词、助动词与情态动词

5.1 实义动词 notional verb

  • 从词义角度,实义动词具备完整的词汇含义
  • 从谓语角度,只有实义动词能够单独充当句子谓语

5.2 助动词 auxiliary verb

be, do, have

  • 从词义角度,助动词不具备任何含义
  • 从谓语角度,助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须与实义动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态

  • 助动词be, do, have也可以用作实义动词

5.3 情态动词 modal verb

  • 从词义角度,情态动词具备一定含义,表达可能、建议、愿望、允许、能力、怀疑等,以表示说话者的看法或态度
  • 从谓语角度,情态动词不能单独充当谓语,必须与实义动词连用构成复合谓语
  • 主要的情态动词:can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must, had better, be able to, be going to, ought to, be supposed to, have to, need, dare

5.4 陈述句的否定

  • 谓语中含有be动词(实义动词或助动词)或情态动词时,直接在be动词或情态动词后面加not,He is not a teacher. I cannot swim.
  • 谓语动词仅有实义动词,通过do/dose/did + not + 动词原形来表达否定,I do not like English.
  • 否定缩写

5.5 一般疑问句

  • 谓语中含有be动词(实义动词或助动词)或情态动词时,直接将其移动到句首,肯定回答用yes,Is he a teacher?
  • 谓语动词是实义动词的一般疑问句,需要把do/does/did放于句首,且谓语动词变为原形,Did he like English?

5.6 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 + ?

  • 不与名词连用的疑问词,who, what, when, where, how, why, What are you doing?
  • 需与名词连用的疑问词,which, whose, Which one do you like?
  • how的用法
    • 单独使用,对动作方式进行提问,How do you go to work?
    • 与形容词或副词连用,How old are you?
    • 对动作发生频率提问,how often, how many times